Chlorine alone as Cl2 is highly toxic, and it is often used as a disinfectant. Chloride concentrations in streams and groundwater that originated from wet deposition of chloride are different from concentrations measured in precipitation because of the concentration of chloride by the process of evapotranspiration. A study of chloride in groundwater and surface water was conducted for the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States in forested, agricultural, and urban areas by analyzing data collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program from 1991 to 2004. In 1986, chloride concentrations as high as 60,000 mg/L were observed adjacent to the evaporation pond. Analysis of chloride to bromide ratios in groundwater indicated that deicing salt is the dominant source of chloride in TCMA groundwater resources (MPCA, 2013), although water softening salt could also be a source, since sodium chloride salt is … Some common chlorides include sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Concentrations of chloride in base-flow samples were predictive of maximum measured chloride concentrations, indicating that inputs of chloride from groundwater and (or) point-source wastewater discharges increase the likelihood of samples exceeding the recommended chronic aquatic criterion. The average concentrations of chloride in rainfall and in the groundwater during the same period are (Cl ¯) r = 8.34 mg / l and (Cl ¯) gw = 91.7 mg / l, respectively. The necessary data for the application of refined CMB method are given in Table 4.11. Elevated chloride concentrations in the shallow subsurface were first identified at the plant in 1986 with the installation of groundwater monitoring wells located downgradient of the ponds. Application of road salt in the United States has tripled since the 1970s, while other uses of salt have remained stable or decreased. The presence of chloride in groundwater can result from a number of sources including the weathering of soils, salt-bearing geological formations, deposition of salt spray, salt used for road de-icing, contributions from wastewaters and in coastal areas, intrusion of salty ocean water into fresh groundwater sources. In combination with a metal such as sodium it becomes essential for life. Chloride occurs naturally in groundwater but is found in greater concentrations where seawater and run-off from road salts (salts used to de-ice icy roads) can make their way into water sources. Using the web tool, users can easily visualize changes in both inorganic and organic constituent concentrations in groundwater, including chloride, nitrate, several pesticides, and some drinking-water disinfection byproducts. Groundwater-quality data from a sampling of 1,329 wells in 19 states were analyzed. 2.


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